'[A] central purpose of the Establishment Clause was the protection of state establishments'
美憲第一修正案「國會不得制訂關於國教（an establishment of religion）之法律」的一個主要立法原意是禁止聯邦政府干預各州的 established churches（本詞可泛指「州教」或「國教」），因為在制憲的年代，許多州都有自己的州教會。這些州教在制憲後逐漸自然消失。今天各州都沒有州教會，但與聯邦憲法無直接關係。
Robert George 曾作出一個很生動的說明。他說，舉個例子，過去康乃狄克州設置有會眾派的州教會。假定，國會企圖廢止康州的這個會眾派州教會，而你是康州的 attorney general，你該如何在聯邦法院替康州的州教辯護？
他說，你會有兩個主要的憲法論據。第一，你要主張說憲法沒有明確授與國會廢止州教會的權力；第二，你要直接拿出第一修正案，白紙黑字寫著：「Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion... 」。
文章：Trimming the Ivy: A Bicentennial Re-Examination of the Establishment Clause; Porth, William C.; George, Robert P.
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